{"id":3238,"date":"2023-07-27T06:45:08","date_gmt":"2023-07-27T06:45:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drrpadmakumar.com\/blog\/?p=3238"},"modified":"2023-08-26T06:19:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-26T06:19:59","slug":"obesity-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drrpadmakumar.com\/blog\/obesity-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"Obesity Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Obesity Overview<\/strong>: Obesity is a global pandemic. Management of obesity needs a very comprehensive approach by a dedicated team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bariatric deals with Obesity. \u201cBaros\u201d is a Greek word which means heavy or large. Bariatric surgery is also referred to as \u201cweight loss surgery\u201d and is performed on people who suffer from obesity. It includes a variety of procedures like Intragastric Balloon Placement<\/a>, Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy<\/a>, various gastric bypass surgeries<\/a>, and Sleeve with Hybrid Ileal Interposition. These procedures have proven to be effective in long-term weight reduction, resolution of diabetes, improvement in cardiovascular risk factors and obstructive sleep apnea, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BMI = Weight (kg) \/ Height (m)2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

WHO guidelines 2019 for adults over 20 years old<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
BMI (kg \/ m2)<\/th>\n Nutritional status<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n
Below 18.5 <\/td>\n Underweight <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
18.5\u201324.9 <\/td>\n Normal weight <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
25.0\u201329.9 <\/td>\n Pre-obesity <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
30.0\u201334.9 <\/td>\n Obesity class I <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
35.0\u201339.9 <\/td>\n Obesity class II <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n\n
Above 40 <\/td>\n Obesity class III <\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pediatric BMI Criteria<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For children BMI is calculated and compared with Z score for age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Children: Other than Indian (Click to view)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years\/indicators\/bmi-for-age<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boys – Indian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5-18 years: IAP Boys Body Mass Index Charts (Click Link Below)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/iapindia.org\/iap-growth-charts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Girls – Indian<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

5-18 years: IAP Girls Body Mass Index Charts (Click Link Below)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/iapindia.org\/iap-growth-charts\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z score more than 1.64 or BMI more than +2 SD is considered as obese.
Z score more than 1.04 or BMI more than +1 SD is considered as
Overweight.
Thinness is less than -2 SD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asian BMI criteria:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Asian BMI Cut-off points :
More than 25 BMI – Clinical obesity
More than 27.5 BMI – Metabolic Surgery can be performed
(2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and
International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO)
Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Dan Eisenberg, Scott A. et.al. iObesity Surgery volume 33, pages3\u201314 (2023))<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causes of obesity and overweight<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It is due to an imbalance between energy in and energy out. An increased intake of energy-rich foods that are high in fat and sugars and a reduction in physical activity due to the sedentary nature of work make the body switch over to energy saving mode. Genetic factors also play a role in causation of obesity. Excess production of Ghrelin also is a contributing factor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

METABOLIC SYNDROME<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metabolic syndrome is associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. In the U.S., about 25% of the adult population has metabolic syndrome, a proportion increasing with age, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes are closely related to one another and have overlapping aspects. The syndrome is thought to be caused by an underlying disorder of energy utilization and storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Each Propels the Other<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Diagnostic Criteria of Metabolic Syndrome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Patient has at least three of the five conditions<\/p>\n\n\n\n