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Gynecomastia Treatment

What is Gynecomastia?

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in males, typically caused by an imbalance in hormones estrogen and testosterone. It is a benign condition, that is it is non-cancerous, and it can affect either both the breasts or one breast. It can also be seen as a lump in the breast and could be tender to touch. It is common during puberty due to fluctuation of hormone levels, but it can also affect men of all ages. Enlarged breasts during puberty usually resolves without treatment within 6 months to 2 years.

Obesity can also cause enlargement in breasts in men due to excess fat tissue getting deposited in the breasts. This is termed as Pseudogynecomastia.

Treatment options

Circumareolar mastectomy is performed for removing the tissue lump. The breast tissue is removed surgically, but the nipple, areola and the overlying skin are preserved and is done through an incision circling the areola.

Liposuction is also performed for gynecomastia. In liposuction, excess fat from the breast is removed through small incisions using a device for suctioning.

What is the cause of Gynecomastia?

It is caused by an imbalance of estrogen and testosterone hormones, means the amount of testosterone drops compared to estrogen. Testosterone is the hormone that is responsible for muscle mass and body hair, while estrogen results in the growth of breasts being a hormone of females.

Medical conditions such as thyroid disorders, liver failure or cirrhosis, or kidney failure can also contribute to fluctuating hormone levels. It can also be caused by side effects of some medications or substance use. Excessive use of steroids in gym goers is leading to gynecomastia in young adults in recent times.

Can Gynecomastia go away on its own?

Gynecomastia during puberty usually resolves within 6 months to 12 years without treatment.

Is Gynecomastia a serious problem?

Not, it is not a serious problem, but it can be treated for cosmetic reasons as it can cause psychological distress and low self esteem especially in youngsters.

Can it be cancer?

Need to evaluate with USG breast to exclude cancer when it appears in more than 40 years age group.

Stages of Gynecomastia

It can be classified into four stages or grades depending on the severity.

Grade 1: Small growth of the breast without excess skin
Grade 2: Moderate growth of the breast without excess skin
Grade 3: Moderate growth of the breast with excess skin
Grade 4: Significant growth of the breast with excess skin

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