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Breast Cancer Surgery / Mastectomy

Mastectomy is performed to remove the cancer-affected breast. Breast cancer surgery is performed as a single procedure or in combination with other treatment methods such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiation therapy. There are different surgical procedures performed depending on the size and stage of the cancer that includes:

Mastectomy: Surgery to remove the complete breast
Lumpectomy : Wide excision or removal of breast lump along with surrounding normal tissue.
Axillary Dissection: Surgery to remove associated lymph nodes
Reconstruction Surgery: To renovate lost breast with breast implants

Breast cancer surgery is recommended to treat various stages of breast cancer and includes:

Women with High Risk of Breast Cancer: Women with a strong family history of the disease condition are recommended to perform certain tests to understand the chances for the condition and perform mastectomy as an option to prevent breast cancer. They can choose for breast reconstruction surgery to replace the entire breast.
Noninvasive Breast Cancer: Women diagnosed with non invasive breast cancer can undergo lumpectomy.
Early-stage Breast Cancer: Breast cancer at early stages can be treated with lumpectomy or mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction.
Larger Breast Cancers and Locally Advanced Breast Cancers: Advanced stages of breast cancer are treated with mastectomy.
Recurrent Breast Cancer: Breast cancers that reoccur after preliminary treatments are removed with mastectomy.

Based on the stage of the condition, these procedures can be followed by Chemotherapy, Hormonal therapy, or Radiation to prevent local or distant tumor reoccurrence.

Breast Cancer Screening

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. The purpose of screening is to look for the presence of cancer before there are any symptoms or signs of the disease. Cancer is most curable at an early stage, and the goal of screening is to detect the presence of cancer at a very early stage itself. Screening helps in lowering the chances of death or eliminating deaths from cancer altogether.

There are different ways of screening for breast cancer:

Self Breast Examination
Clinical Breast Examination
Mammogram
Sonomammography
Thermal Scan of Breast

Types of Mastectomy

Total Mastectomy / Simple Mastectomy

Removes all breast tissue but leaves the pectoral muscles beneath. Total mastectomy can be performed on one breast (unilateral) or both breasts (bilateral).

Double Mastectomy (Bilateral Mastectomy)

Total mastectomy of both breasts. Bilateral mastectomy is performed if there is cancer in both breasts.

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy or Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

Removes the breast tissue but spares the skin or nipple.

Mastectomy with Breast Reconstruction

Depending on the condition of the patient and based on the treatment plan, breast reconstruction surgery can be performed at the same time after mastectomy or later in a separate surgery.

Modified Radical Mastectomy

Removes all the breast tissue and the underarm lymph nodes on the same side.

Radical mastectomy

Removes all the breast tissue, the pectoral muscles underneath, and underarm lymph nodes. This may become necessary if the cancer has spread to your muscles.

Breast Conservation Surgery (BCS)

Removes Tumor and surrounding margin.
Possible when tumor is not very large
Only single focus of tumor
Breast shape reasonably —- axillary clearance
Removal of Lymph nodes from axilla
Good for tumor clearance

Procedure

The Breast cancer surgery is initiated by the surgeon by administering a dose of anesthesia to relax the patient and to be in a sleep-like state. The surgeon makes an incision in the breast and removes the cancerous tissues and surrounding tissues from the area. The length and location of the incision depends on the site of the cancer within the breast. The lymph nodes in the armpit are also examined. A few lymph nodes in which the tumor has reached are also removed. After removing the entire or part of the cancer affected breast the surgeon closes the incision using dissolvable stitches to reduce scarring.

Reconstruction surgery can be performed immediately or later, after the breast cancer surgery. During a breast reconstruction surgery, the breast can be reconstructed in two methods: using an implant or by tissues obtained from other parts of the body. Breast implants are used for immediate reconstruction of the breast and the implants are filled with silicone gel or saline solution. Breast reconstruction using body tissue involves relocation or body tissues using a pedicle flap or free flap surgery.

Dr. R. Padmakumar is one of the Best Hernia Surgeon in India. He has been changing lives through Keyhole Surgery. He has got more than 30 years of hands-on experience in laparoscopic Surgery in major hospitals across India and has completed more than 7000 cases of Laparoscopic Hernia Surgeries. Dr. Padmakumar has trained more than 300 surgeons from all over the world the art of laparoscopic surgery especially Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery. Dr. Padmakumar is also hailed as one of the Best Bariatric Surgeon in India & UAE. He is renowned for new and improved treatment techniques and the first in the World to perform Scarless Bariatric Surgery with Tummy Tuck / Abdominoplasty. He is also one of the very few thyroid surgeons in India doing Endoscopic Thyroidectomy (scarless thyroid surgery).