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Bariatric Surgery | 3 Types of Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric Surgery or Bariatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with the study of obesity, the causes, prevention and treatment of obesity. The Greek word Baro means heavy or large. Diet, exercise, anti-obesity drugs, behavioral therapy are first line treatments of obesity, but success is limited in people with severe obesity. Bariatric Operation or Weight Loss Surgery is considered in people struggling with severe obesity.

Diet and exercise, behavior therapy, and anti-obesity drugs are the first-line treatments for obesity and overweight. But for severe obesity this has limited success and long term success is very poor. Weight loss surgery or bariatric surgery results in greater weight loss than these conventional treatments. Weight loss surgery aids in improving the quality of life and brings improvement in obesity related diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc.

Obesity is a medical condition. Obesity occurs due to excess body fat accumulated in the body and is considered a serious medical condition due to the adverse health effect obesity has on the body. People with BMI (Body Mass Index) exceeding the normal range has much greater risk of medical issues. Medical issues include cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, OSA or obstructive sleep apnea, asthma, etc..

When is Weight Loss Surgery indicated?

Weight loss surgeries have proved effective and long term studies show that these procedures cause long term weight reduction, resolution of diabetes, improvement in cardiovascular risk factors and obstructive sleep apnea, etc.

According to a medical guideline published by the American College of Physicians, Weight Loss Surgery should be considered as an option for treatment in patients with BMI of 40 kg/m2 or above, who instituted an adequate exercise and diet regimen, but failed, and also in patients presenting with obesity-related comorbid conditions.

Obesity increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions. These include: Type 2 diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus), Coronary heart disease, Hypertension (High blood pressure), Cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon), Dyslipidemia (for example, high cholesterol), Stroke, Liver and Gallbladder disease, Obstructive Sleep Apnea and respiratory problems, Osteoarthritis, Infertility, Asthma

3 Types of Bariatric Surgery

Types of Weight loss Surgeries include:

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG)
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Mini Gastric Bypass (MGB)

Non-Surgical Weight Loss Procedure:

Intragastric Balloon Placement (IGB)

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy is a surgical procedure for weight loss. Sleeve gastrectomy is also known as a vertical sleeve gastrectomy or gastric sleeve procedure. In this procedure, the outer margin of the stomach is removed to restrict the amount of intake of food leaving the size of the stomach to about 15% of the original size of the stomach.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Gastric Bypass is a surgical weight loss procedure for treatment of morbid obesity. In this procedure the stomach is divided into a small upper pouch and a large lower pouch. The small intestine is then reattached to the pouch that creates a bypass for food, which results in absorption of less calories and nutrients.

This procedure involves using an endoscope to place a deflated balloon in the stomach. The balloon is then inflated to decrease the amount of intragastric space. The balloon is then left in the stomach for a period upto 6 months. Due to the restricted amount of food intake there is an average weight loss of 10-15 kg. This is highly effective in overweight people not classified as obese.

Complications of Obesity

Obesity is a serious medical condition. People who suffer with obesity and overweight, compared to people with normal or healthy weight, are more likely to develop a number of potentially serious health conditions. These include:

Hypertension, also called high blood pressure.

High Cholesterol (Dyslipidemia).

Heart disease: High blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels and high sugar are risk factors for heart disease. Obesity gives stress to the heart to send blood to all the cells of the body.

Stroke: Stroke is a condition where the blood flow to a part of the brain stops, which causes the brain cells to die. High Blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels increases the risk for stroke.

Type 2 diabetes. It is believed that obesity accounts for 80-85% of the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Obese people are 40 times more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than people with normal weight.

Gynecological and sexual problems. Obesity may lead to infertility and irregular periods in women and may cause erectile dysfunction in men.

Sleep apnea and breathing problems are more likely to develop in obese people. Sleep apnea is a condition in which a person has one or more pauses in breathing during sleep.

Osteoarthritis. Obesity increases the stress placed on weight-bearing joints. This may cause damage to the cartilages.

Cancers. Obesity might increase the risk of cancer of the cervix, uterus, endometrium, ovary, breast, rectum, colon, esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, kidney and prostate.

Digestive problems. Obesity increases the likelihood that you’ll develop heartburn, gallbladder disease.

Fatty Liver disease. This occurs when fat builds up in the liver. This disease often affects people who are overweight or obese and/or diabetic patients and also in middle aged people.

Polycystic ovarian disease or PCOD.

Pregnancy: Obese women who are pregnant is at increased risk for developing gestational diabetes, high blood pressure during pregnancy that causes problems for both mother and child.

Depression and anxiety.

Low quality of life.

Bariatric Surgery may help in lowering the risk of Stroke and Heart attack. Bariatric Surgery helps in lowering the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction (heart attack) in patients suffering with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity according to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery and incident macrovascular (coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular diseases) events in patients with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. This observational study concluded that patients with type 2 diabetes and severe obesity who underwent bariatric surgery, compared to those who did not undergo surgery, bariatric surgery was associated with a lower risk of macrovascular outcomes.

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Dr. R. Padmakumar is one of the Best Hernia Surgeon in India. He has been changing lives through Keyhole Surgery. He has got more than 30 years of hands-on experience in laparoscopic Surgery in major hospitals across India and has completed more than 7000 cases of Laparoscopic Hernia Surgeries. Dr. Padmakumar has trained more than 300 surgeons from all over the world the art of laparoscopic surgery especially Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery. Dr. Padmakumar is also hailed as one of the Best Bariatric Surgeon in India & UAE. He is renowned for new and improved treatment techniques and the first in the World to perform Scarless Bariatric Surgery with Tummy Tuck / Abdominoplasty. He is also one of the very few thyroid surgeons in India doing Endoscopic Thyroidectomy (scarless thyroid surgery).